Verbes à particule
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| bid against [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (make a competing offer against) | enchérir contre vi + prép |
| brush against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (touch lightly in passing) | effleurer⇒, frôler⇒ vtr |
| bump against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (collide with [sth/sb]) | heurter⇒ vtr |
| come up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | (encounter: opposition, obstacle) | se heurter à v pron + prép |
| | (des difficultés) | rencontrer⇒ vtr |
| | The work is behind schedule because we came up against some unexpected problems. |
| | Nous avons pris du retard dans le travail car nous nous sommes heurtés à des problèmes imprévus. |
| | Nous avons pris du retard dans le travail car nous nous avons rencontré des problèmes imprévus. |
| come up against [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (compete with [sb]) (Sports,...) | affronter⇒ vtr |
| | Davies will come up against last year's champion in the semi-final of the competition. |
| | Davies affrontera le champion de l'année dernière en demi-finale de la compétition. |
| conspire against [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (plot to harm, impede) | conspirer contre, comploter contre vi + prép |
| | | se liguer contre v pron + prép |
| fight back against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (try to combat) | se battre contre, se défendre contre v pron + prép |
| fight back against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (try to combat) (figuré) | se battre contre, se défendre contre v pron + prép |
| find against [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (law: judge to be wrong) (Droit) | se prononcer contre v pron + prép |
| | The jury found against the defendants, who were ordered to pay millions of dollars in damages. |
| | Le jury s'est prononcé contre les accusés, qui ont dû payer des millions de dollars de dommages et intérêts. |
| go against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (not comply with) | s'opposer à v pron + prép |
| | | aller à l'encontre de loc v |
| | If you go against his wishes, he will make things difficult for you. |
| | Si tu t'opposes à ses vœux, il va te compliquer les choses. |
| go against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (be in opposition to) | contrarier⇒ vtr |
| | | s'opposer à v pron + prép |
| | To go against the mob takes courage. |
| | S'opposer à la foule demande du courage. |
| guard against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (prevent) | se protéger de v pron + prép |
| | (plus soutenu) | se prémunir contre v pron + prép |
| | Wear a sunhat to guard against sunburn. |
| | Mets un chapeau pour te protéger des coups de soleil. |
| hold out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (continue to resist) | résister à vi + prép |
| | | tenir bon contre vi + prép |
| | The remote mountain village held out against the foreign armies. I'm holding out against joining Facebook. |
| | Le village de montagne isolé a résisté à l'armée étrangère. |
| | Je tiens bon et ne m'ouvre pas de compte sur Facebook. |
| kick against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (rebel against or resist) | se rebeller contre v pron + prép |
| | Jesse has always had a tendency to kick against authority. |
| | Jesse a toujours eu tendance à se rebeller contre l'autorité. |
| lash out against [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (attack verbally) | s'en prendre à v pron + prép |
| | | se déchaîner contre v pron + prép |
| | She bottles up her anger towards her mother and then lashes out against her husband for no reason. |
| | Elle serre les dents face à sa mère mais s'en prend plus tard à son mari sans raison apparente. |
Formes composées
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| advise against [sth] vi + prep | (warn [sth] is unwise) | déconseiller (de faire) [qch] vtr |
| | I'd advise against that course of action. |
| | Je déconseille vivement un tel plan d'action. |
| advise against doing [sth] v expr | (warn not to do [sth]) | déconseiller (de faire) [qch] vtr |
| | I'd advise against travelling alone in the desert. |
| | Je déconseille (à quiconque) de voyager seul dans le désert. |
| advise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (warn [sb] [sth] is unwise) | déconseiller à [qqn] (de faire) [qch] vtr |
| | I'd advise you against that approach, which can be costly. |
| | Je te déconseille cette approche, qui peut s'avérer coûteuse. |
| advise [sb] against doing [sth] v expr | (warn [sb] not to do [sth]) | déconseiller à [qqn] de faire [qch] vtr |
| | I'd advise you against sailing today; the weather is turning nasty. |
| | Je te déconseille de prendre le large aujourd'hui : le temps est à l'orage. |
| against all odds adv | (highly improbably) | contre toute attente loc adv |
| | Julie fell out of the moving train. She survived against all odds. |
| | Julie est tombée du train en route. Contre toute attente, elle a survécu. |
| against all risks clause n | (all-inclusive policy) (assurance) | clause tous risques nf |
| against expectations adv | (surprisingly) | contre toute attente loc adv |
| | Contre toute attente, Nicolas avoua son implication dans l'affaire politico-financière du moment. |
against his will,
against her will adv | (in opposition to wishes) | contre son gré loc adv |
| | Abby was taken to the cabin in the woods against her will. |
| against the clock adv | (under pressure of time) | contre la montre loc adv |
| | It's seems as though I am always working against the clock! These deadlines are ridiculous. |
| against the flow adv | (opposite the current) | à contre-courant adv |
| | She set her kayak against the flow and began to paddle upstream. |
| against the flow adv | (against general movement) | à contre-courant adv |
| | As the crowd of lemmings moved toward the cliff, a single animal went against the flow, heading back to the tundra. |
| against the flow adv | figurative (contrary to conventional opinion) | à contre-courant adv |
| | All my friends are going to college next year, but I'm going against the flow and attending a technical school. |
| against the law adj | (illegal) | illégal adj |
| | Smoking marijuana is against the law. |
| | Consommer de la marijuana est illégal. |
| against the law adv | (illegally) | illégalement adv |
| | He was driving against the law as he had just guzzled down seven pints of beer. |
| | | en infraction |
| | Il était en infraction en conduisant après avoir bu sept chopes de bière. |
| against time adj | (under pressure of time) (course) | contre la montre |
| | Residents are in a race against time as flood waters begin to crest along the river. |
| against time adv | (under pressure of time) | contre la montre loc adv |
| | They're racing against time to find a cure for her illness. |
| as against conj | (as opposed to) | contre prép |
balance [sth],
balance [sth] with [sth],
balance [sth] against [sth]⇒ vtr | (offset) | compenser [qch] par [qch] vtr + prép |
| | Mindy balanced her long hours at work with a visit to the spa. |
| | Mindy compensait ses longues heures de travail par une séance au club de remise en forme. |
| battle against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (strenuously oppose) (figuré) | se battre contre v pron + prép |
| | He battled in vain against the factory closures. |
| | Il s'est battu en vain contre les fermetures d'usine. |
| battle against [sb] vi + prep | figurative (strenuously oppose) (figuré) | se battre contre [qqn] v pron + prép |
| | Ed Miliband battled against his brother David for leadership of the Labour party. |
| | Ed Milliband s'est battu contre son frère David pour prendre la tête du Parti travailliste. |
| be insured against all liability v expr | (protected against insurance claims) | être assuré contre toute responsabilité loc v |
| | | avoir une assurance responsabilité civile loc v |
| bear a grudge against [sb] v expr | (be resentful) | en vouloir à [qqn] loc v |
| | | avoir de la rancune contre [qqn] loc v |
| | | garder rancune à [qqn], garder rancune contre [qqn] loc v |
| | | avoir une dent contre [qqn] loc v |
| | Fred bore a grudge against his brothers. |
| | Fred en voulait à ses frères. |
| | Fred avait de la rancune contre ses frères. |
| bear a grudge against [sb] for [sth] v expr | (be resentful) | en vouloir à [qqn] pour [qch], en vouloir à [qqn] d'avoir fait [qch] loc v |
| | Julie bears a grudge against her neighbour for cutting down a hedge that was actually on Julie's property. |
| | Julie en veut à son voisin d'avoir coupé la haie qui se trouvait en fait sur sa propriété. |
| bear false witness against [sb] v expr | (Bible: lie about [sb]) | porter un faux témoignage contre [qqn] loc v |
| | You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. |
| | Tu ne porteras pas de faux témoignage contre ton prochain. |
| bear witness against [sb] v expr | (testify) | témoigner contre [qqn] vi |
| | A wife cannot be forced to bear witness against her husband. |
| | On ne peut forcer une femme à témoigner contre son mari. |
| benchmark [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (measure against a standard) | comparer [qch] à [qch], mesurer [qch] à [qch] vtr |
| | The state's department of education benchmarks their salary scale against those of other government agencies. |
| | Le ministère de l'éducation a comparé son échelle des salaires à celle des autres agences gouvernementales. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | (wager against [sth]) | parier contre [qch], miser contre [qch] vi + prép |
| | Oscar lost his money because he bet against the winning horse. |
| | Oscar a perdu son argent parce qu'il a parié contre le cheval gagnant. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (assume [sth] will fail) | ne pas miser sur [qch] |
| | I wouldn't bet against his getting the promotion. |
| | Je ne miserais pas sur un refus de sa promotion. |
| bias against [sth/sb] n | (prejudice: against) | préjugé sur [qch], parti pris contre [qqn] nm + prép |
| | (négatif) | a priori sur [qch] nm inv + prép |
| | The manager was fired because of his bias against women. |
| | Le responsable a été viré à cause de ses préjugés sur les femmes. |
| bias [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (prejudice, influence [sb] against) | influencer⇒ vtr |
| | The media may have biased people against voting for Taylor. |
| | Il est possible que les médias aient influencé les gens à voter contre Taylor. |
bring [sth],
bring [sth] against [sb]⇒ vtr | (legal: put [sth] forward) | engager⇒ vtr |
| | She brought a lawsuit against her employer. |
| | Elle a engagé des poursuites contre son employeur. |
| bring charges against [sb] v expr | (accuse [sb] officially) | porter plainte contre [qqn] loc v |
| brush up against [sth/sb] v expr | (touch) | frôler⇒, effleurer⇒ vtr |
| | I brushed up against him just as he was leaving. |
| buck against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (reject, oppose) | s'opposer à [qch] v pron + prép |
| | Congress bucked against the president's proposal. |
| | Le Congrès s'est opposé au projet de loi du Président. |
| butt up against [sth] v expr | (be adjacent to) | être accolé à vi + adj + prép |
| | The decorative moulding butts up against the door. |
| | Les moulures sont accolées à la porte. |
| campaign against [sth] vi + prep | (protest against [sth]) | faire campagne contre [qch] loc v |
| | The Abolitionists were campaigning against the slave trade. |
| | Les abolitionnistes faisaient campagne contre le trafic d'esclaves. |
caution against [sth],
caution against doing [sth] vi + prep | (warn against [sth]) | mettre en garde contre [qch] loc v + prép |
| | The doctor cautioned against eating too many sweets. |
| | The lifeguard cautioned against the use of floats when swimming in the sea. |
| | Le docteur mettait en garde contre la consommation excessive de confiseries. |
| caution [sb] against doing [sth] v expr | (warn not to do [sth]) | mettre [qqn] en garde contre [qch] loc v + prép |
| check [sth] against [sth] v expr | (compare, contrast two things) | comparer [qch] et [qch] vtr |
| | Shannon checked her calendar against her boss's to see if there were any conflicts. |
| compete against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (sports, competition: try to beat) | affronter⇒ vtr |
| | | se confronter à v pron + prép |
| | Edwards will be competing against some of the best athletes in the world. |
| | Edwards affrontera les meilleurs athlètes du monde. |
| | Edwards se confrontera aux meilleurs athlètes du monde. |
| contend against [sb] vi + prep | formal (oppose, esp. legally) | faire face à loc v + prép |
| count against [sb] vi + prep | (be detrimental) | desservir⇒, désavantager⇒ vtr |
| | | porter préjudice à loc v |
| | His criminal record will count against him when he starts applying for jobs. |
| | Son casier judiciaire va le desservir quand il commencera à essayer de trouver un emploi. |
| crash against [sth] vi + prep | (hit hard) | s'écraser contre [qch] v pron + prép |
| | Waves crashed against the shore. |
| | Les vagues s'écrasaient contre le rivage. |
| crime against humanity n | often plural (atrocity) | crime contre l'humanité nm |
| | Genocide is a crime against humanity. |
| crime against property n | usually plural (law: damage of item) (Droit) | atteinte à la propriété nf |
crime against the person,
plural: crimes against the person n | often plural (law: bodily harm offense) (Droit) | crime contre la personne nm |
| | Homicide is considered to be a crime against the person. |
| Crimes Against Persons npl | (law: violent offences) | crimes contre les personnes nmpl |
| crusade against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (campaign against, oppose) | se battre contre v pron + prép |
| | She's always crusading against injustice, wherever she finds it. |
dash [sth] against [sth],
dash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep | (throw [sth] against) | jeter [qch] violemment contre, lancer [qch] violemment contre vtr + adv + prép |
| | Janet dashed the plate against the wall. |
| | Jane jeta violemment l'assiette contre le mur. |
| dash against [sth] vi + prep | (strike) | se jeter contre v pron + prép |
| | (vague) | s'écraser contre v pron + prép |
| | Waves dashed against the shore. |
| | Les vagues s'écrasaient contre la rive. |
| dead against [sb/sth] adj + prep | informal (totally opposed to) | totalement opposé à loc adj + prép |
| | I wanted to go to Art School, but my parents were dead against it. |
| | Je voulais aller aux Beaux-Arts, mais mes parents y étaient totalement opposés. |
| | | totalement contre loc adv |
| | Je voulais aller aux Beaux-Arts mais mes parents étaient totalement contre. |
| dead set against [sth] adj + prep | informal (resolutely opposed to) | fermement opposé à [qch] loc adj + prép |
| | Jerry was dead set against the Prime Minister's proposal. |
| | Jerry était fermement opposé à la proposition du premier ministre. |
| decide against [sth] vi + prep | (reject an option) | décider de ne pas faire [qch] loc v |
| | Sarah decided against a third cupcake as she was full. |
| | Sarah a décidé de ne pas prendre un troisième cupcake parce qu'elle n'avait plus faim. |
| decide against doing [sth] v expr | (choose not to) | décider de ne pas faire [qch] loc v |
| | I decided against going on holiday this year, since I had just lost my job. |
| | Cette année, j'ai décidé de ne pas partir en vacances car j'ai perdu mon emploi. |
| declare against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (announce opposition to) | se déclarer contre [qch/qqn] v pron + prép |
declare war on [sb/sth],
declare war against [sb/sth] v expr | (state intention to make war with) | déclarer la guerre à loc v + prép |
| | France declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870. |
| | On July 28th 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. |
| | La France a déclaré la guerre à la Prusse le 19 juillet 1870. // Le 28 juillet 1914, l'Autriche-Hongrie a déclaré la guerre à la Serbie. |
| defend against [sth] vi + prep | (protect) | se défendre contre v pron + prép |
| | Medieval castles had moats, drawbridges and other structures to defend against attack. |
| defend [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (protect) | défendre [qqn/qch] contre [qqn/qch] vtr + prép |
| | Lisa defended her friend against the bully. |
| | Mark was unable to defend himself against his attackers. |
| demonstrate against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (protest publicly about) | manifester contre vi + prép |
| | Protesters are demonstrating against the government. |
| discriminate against [sb] vi + prep | (show prejudice against) | discriminer⇒ vtr |
| | | faire de la discrimination contre loc v + prép |
| | | to be discriminated against : être victime de discrimination, souffrir de discrimination loc v |
| | It is illegal to discriminate against someone because of his or her age. |
| | Il est illégal de discriminer quelqu'un en raison de son âge. |
| | Il est illégal de faire de la discrimination contre quelqu'un en raison de son âge. |
| fight against [sth] vi + prep | (contend) (figuré) | se battre contre v pron + prép |
| | | lutter contre, militer contre vi + prép |
| | He fought against the new regulations. |
| | Il s'est battu contre la nouvelle réglementation. |
| | Il a lutté contre la nouvelle réglementation. |
| fulminate against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (denounce, criticize strongly) (littéraire) | fulminer contre vi + prép |
| | | pester contre vi + prép |
| go against the grain v expr | figurative (be unconventional) | être contre nature, être une aberration loc v |
| | | aller à l'encontre des valeurs loc v |
| | C'est une aberration de gaspiller autant de nourriture alors que tant de gens meurent de faim. |
| go against the grain v expr | figurative (be uncharacteristic) | ne pas être dans la nature de [qqn] loc v |
| | Your acting dishonestly certainly goes against the grain. |
| | Ce n'est pas dans ta nature d'agir de façon malhonnête. |
| guard against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be cautious) | se prémunir contre v pron + prép |
| | | se méfier de v pron + prép |
| | The travel agent had warned Beth to guard against pickpockets when she traveled abroad. |
| | Le voyagiste avait suggéré à Beth de se méfier des pickpockets lorsqu'elle partait à l'étranger. |
| have a bias against [sb/sth] v expr | (be prejudiced against) | avoir quelque chose contre [qqn/qch] loc v + prép |
| | They have a bias against assertive women. |
| | (figuré) | avoir une dent contre [qqn/qch] loc v + prép |
| | | avoir des préjugés contre [qqn/qch] loc v + prép |
| | Ils ont des préjugés contre les femmes sûres d'elles. |
have something against [sth],
have something against doing [sth] v expr | (be opposed to) | avoir [qch] contre [qch] loc v |
| have something against [sb] v expr | (dislike [sb]) | avoir quelque chose contre [qqn] loc v |
| hold a grudge against [sb] v expr | (resent: [sb]) | en vouloir à [qqn] loc v |
| | | garder rancune à [qqn], garder rancune contre [qqn] loc v |
| | Peter holds a grudge against his co-worker, who received the promotion that Peter was hoping for. |
| hold [sth] against [sb] v expr | (resent [sb] for [sth]) | tenir rigueur à [qqn] de [qch] loc v |
| | They still hold my past mistakes against me. |
| | Ils me tiennent encore rigueur de mes erreurs passées. |
| hold it against [sb] v expr | informal (bear a grudge) | en vouloir à [qqn] loc v |
| | She insulted him years ago, and he still holds it against her. |
| | Elle l'a insulté il y a des années et il lui en veut toujours. |
| hold [sth] against [sb] v expr | (hold a grudge) | en vouloir à [qqn] de loc v |
| | I won't hold it against you if you don't want to join me. |
| | | tenir rigueur à [qqn] de [qch] loc v |
| hope against hope v expr | (stay optimistic) | espérer malgré tout loc v |
| | We are hoping against hope that one day he'll come home to us. |
immunize [sb] against [sth],
also UK: immunise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (vaccinate [sb] against [sth]) | immuniser [qqn] contre [qch] vtr + prép |
| | Children in the U.S. are all immunized against polio. |
| indemnify [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (insure: against [sth]) | assurer [qch] contre [qch] vtr + prép |
| | This policy will indemnify you against all loss in case of fires, floods, or theft. |
| indemnity against liability n | (law: protected, immune) (Droit) | indemnisation à l'égard de la responsabilité nf |
| insure against [sth] vi + prep | (protect financially in case of [sth]) | s'assurer contre v pron + prép |
| insure [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (protect financially in case of [sth]) | assurer [qch] contre [qch] vtr + prép |
| inveigh against [sth] vi + prep | formal (attack or criticize [sb] verbally) (soutenu) | vitupérer contre [qch] vi + prép |
| | | vociférer contre [qch] vi + prép |
| | The priest inveighed against premarital sex. |
labor against [sth] (US),
labour against [sth] (UK) vi + prep | (work to prevent) | lutter contre vi + prép |
| | We must continue to labor against this discrimination. |
| | Nous devons continuer à lutter contre cette discrimination. |